APPEARANCES. For the United States: HON. RICHARD CROWLEY, U.S. District Attorney. For the Defendants: JOHN VAN VOORHIS, ESQ. * * * Tried at Canandaigua, Wednesday, June 18th, 1873, before Hon. Ward Hunt and a Jury. Case opened in behalf of the U.S. by Mr. Crowley. MR. VAN VOORHIS: I wish to raise some questions upon the indictment in this case. This indictment, I claim, is bad for two reasons, and should be quashed. First--The Act of Congress under which it is framed, is invalid so far as it relates to this offence, because not authorized by the Constitution of the United States. Second--There is no sufficient statement of any offence in the indictment. First. Congress has no power to pass laws for the punishment of Inspectors of Elections, elected or appointed under the laws of the State of New York, for receiving illegal votes, or registering as voters, persons who have no right to be registered. No law of Congress defines the qualifications of voters in the several States. These are found only in the State Constitutions and Statutes. The offenses charged in the indictment are, that the defendants, being State officers, have violated the laws of the State. If it be so, they may be tried and punished in accordance with the State laws. No proposition can be clearer. If the United States can also punish them for the same offense, it follows that they may be twice indicted, tried, convicted and punished for one offense. A plea in a State Court, of a conviction and sentence, in a United States Court would constitute no bar or defense, (_12 Metcalf_, _387_, _Commonwealth v. Peters_,) and the defendants might be punished twice for the same offense. This cannot be, and if the act in question be valid, the State of New York is ousted of jurisdiction. And where does Congress derive the power to pass laws to