jurisdiction. And where does Congress derive the power to pass laws to punish offenders against the laws of a State? This case must be tried under the laws of the United States. Against those laws, no offense is charged to have been committed. Such power, if it exist, must be somewhere expressly granted, or it must be necessary in order to execute some power that is expressly granted. The Act of Congress in question, became a law on May 31st, 1870. It is entitled-- "AN ACT TO ENFORCE THE RIGHT OF CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES TO VOTE IN THE SEVERAL STATES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSE." The indictment is found under the 19th section of the Act as it passed originally, and the 20th section as amended by the Act of February 28th, 1871. The 19th Section, so far as it is necessary to quote it here, is as follows: "_That if at any election for representatives or delegates in the Congress of the United States any person shall knowingly_ personate and vote, or attempt to vote, in the name of any other person, whether living or dead, or fictitious; or vote more than once at the same election for any candidate for the same office; or vote at a place where he may not be entitled to vote; _or vote without having a lawful right to vote, ... or knowingly and wilfully receives the vote of any person not entitled to vote_, or refuses to receive the vote of any person entitled to vote; ... every such person shall be deemed guilty of a crime, and shall for such crime be liable to prosecution in any Court of the United States of competent jurisdiction, and on conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, or both, in the discretion of the Court, and shall pay the costs of prosecution." Section 20, as amended, so far as pertinent, reads as follows: "That if at any registration of voters for an election for representatives or delegates in the Congress of the United States, any person shall _knowingly_ ... hinder any person having a lawful right to register, from duly exercising that right; or compel or induce by any of such means, or other unlawful means, ANY OFFICER OF REGISTRATION to admit to registration any person not legally entitled thereto; ... _or if any such officer shall knowingly and wilfully register as a voter any person not entitled to be registered_, or refuse so to register any person entitled to be registered, ... _every such person shall be deemed guilty of a crime, and shall be liable to prosecution and punishment therefor, as provided in section 19 of said Act of May 31, 1870, for persons guilty of the crimes therein specified_."