Prudentum_, James Howell's collection of proverbs, David Fergtison's _Scotch Proverbs_ (with the successively increasing editions between 1641 and 1706), Ray's famous _Collection of English Proverbs_, William Penn's _Maxims_, and the like. A few are probably original, and many have been re-minted and owe their form to him. The first number of the famous _Almanack_ from which they are extracted was published at the end of 1732, just after Franklin had set up as a printer and stationer for himself, its publication being announced in the _Pennsylvania Gazette_ of December 9th, 1732; and for twenty-five years it continued regularly to appear, the last number being that for the year 1758, and having for preface the discourse which became so extraordinarily popular. The name assumed by Franklin was no doubt borrowed from that of Richard Saunders, a well-known astrologer of the seventeenth century, of whom there is a notice in the _Dictionary of National Biography_. But Mr. Leicester Ford[7] says that it was the name of 'a chyrurgeon' of the eighteenth century who for many years issued a popular almanac entitled _The Apollo Anglicanus__. Of this publication I know nothing, and can discover nothing. The probability is that its compiler, whoever he was, anticipated Franklin in assuming the name of John Saunders. He is most certainly not to be identified with Saunders the astrologer, who died in, or not much later than, 1687. It remains to add that no pains have been spared to make the texts of the excerpts and tracts in this Miscellany as accurate as possible--indeed, Mr. Arber's name is a sufficient guarantee of the efficiency with which this important part of the work has been done. For the modernisation of the spelling, which some readers may perhaps be inclined to regret, and for the punctuation, as well as for the elucidatory notes within brackets, Mr. Arber is solely responsible. J. CHURTON COLLINS. [1] See his Preface to his version of part of Virgil's second _Aeneid_. [2] Whateley's _Reminiscences of Bishop Copleston_, p. 6. [3] See _Late Stuart Tracts_. [4] Wood's _Life and Times_, Clark's Ed. vol. ii. p. 240. [5] See, for example, _Diary_, February 16th, 1668: 'Much discourse about the bad state of the Church, and how the clergy are come to be men of no worth in the world, and, as the world do now generally discourse, they must be reformed.' [6] For this information I am indebted to Mr. Paul Leicester Ford's interesting monograph on the sayings of Poor Richard, prefixed to his selections from the _Almanack_, privately printed at Brooklyn in 1890.