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Esperanto: Hearings before the Committee on Education

Creator: Bartholdt, Richard, Christen, A.
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======================================================================== TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE: The Esperanto alphabet contains 28 characters. These are the characters of English, but with "q", "w", "x", and "y" removed, and six diacritical letters added. The diacritical letters are "c", "g", "h", "j" and "s" with circumflexes (or "hats", as Esperantists fondly call them), and "u" with a breve. Zamenhof himself suggested that where the diacritical letters caused difficulty, one could instead use "ch", "gh", "hh", "jh", "sh" and "u". A plain ASCII file is one such place; there are no ASCII codes for Esperanto's special letters. However, there are two problems with Zamenhof's "h-method". There is no difference between "u" and "u" with a breve, and there is no way to determine (without prior knowledge of the word(s) involved, and sometimes a bit of context) whether an "h" following one of those other five letters is really the second half of a diacritical pair, or just an "h" that happened to find itself next to one of them. Consequently other, unambiguous, methods have been used over the years. One is the "x-method", which uses the digraphs "cx", "gx", "hx", "jx", "sx" and "ux" to represent the special letters. There is no ambiguity because the letter "x" is not an Esperanto letter, and each diacritical letter has a unique transliteration. This is the method used in the ASCII
Bound to Rise

"Sit up to the table, children, breakfast's ready." The speaker was a woman of middle age, not good-looking in the ordinary acceptation of the term, but nevertheless she looked good. She was dressed with extreme plainness, in a cheap calico; but though cheap, the dress was neat. The children she addressed were six in number, varying in age from twelve to four. The oldest, Harry, the hero of the present story, was a broad-shouldered, sturdy boy, with a frank, open face, resolute, though good-natured. "Father isn't here," said Fanny, the second child. "He'll be in directly. He went to the store, and he may stop as he comes back to milk." The table was set in the center of the room, covered with a coarse tablecloth. The breakfast provided was hardly of a kind to tempt an epicure. There was a loaf of bread cut into slices, and a dish of boiled potatoes. There was no butter and no meat, for the family were very poor.
versions of this Project Gutenberg e-text. However, in the discussion of the name "Washington", "W" and "sh" were indeed used in the original document. "Esparanto" and "flexbility" were also found in the original document and retained, along with a "than" where a "then" was probably intended. In addition, the 7-bit ASCII version of this book uses the German "-e" convention to represent characters with umlauts. The 8-bit ASCII version uses the ISO-8859-1 character set to represent these German and Volapuek characters. The HTML version uses Unicode and therefore displays properly all the characters for the languages... including Esperanto! ======================================================================== ESPERANTO ========= HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION